By comparison, aftermath of timothy with similar management and fertility contributes about 20 percent of the total production. Good results are obtained with grain drills when orchardgrass is put through the grain box and the companion legume is seeded from the small legume box. Late heading varieties therefore can provide more flexibility in management options. Sign up for our newsletter. When planting north of the transition zone, HLR Orchardgrass should be planted in the early spring or late summer to take advantage of soil moisture and moderate temperatures. 0000062649 00000 n Late heading/maturity type. Make the winter application of fertilizer from early February to about mid-March in south Missouri and about two weeks later in the northern part of the state. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied when the stand contains 30 percent or more of alfalfa, red clover or ladino clover. Listed/recommended in . The best and most practical means of controlling diseases, hence improving animal performance and stand persistence, is to plant varieties that are resistant or highly tolerant to foliar diseases. Use our feedback form for questions or comments about this publication. The fertility requirement for phosphorous and potassium is moderate to high. Pull a cultipacker or light roller over the field to give good seed-to-soil contact and promote more vigorous seedling growth. May or June harvest. Timothy is popular in the northern half of Pennsylvania and most of New York State because of its natural adaptation to moist, cool environments. Orchardgrass is found all across the US. In a three-year shade tolerance study, yield and stand were not affected by reducing light by 33 percent. As grass hay matures, forage quality drops rapidly. The leaves are a characteristic blue-green color, and the seedhead is easy to distinguish from other grasses. Orchardgrass responds well to nitrogen fertilization and is very compatible with legumes in a mixture. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. It is not as winter hardy or drought tolerant as smooth bromegrass, but it can survive and be highly productive throughout all of Pennsylvania. . Some producers have experienced difficulty in producing well-filled, high-quality seed. Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes. What is orchardgrass? Easy! Timothy is a hay-type forage grass, with relatively few basal leaves below the cutting height. But if the . It really shines in its ability to produce late season growth. Climax is a leafy variety that is rust resistant. Late August to early September are considered best fall seeding dates in most of the state, with mid-September seedings satisfactory in the extreme southern areas. Orchardgrass is not as winter hardy as Smooth Brome or Timothy, but Orchardgrass performs well on different textured soils ranging from clay to gravelly loams, and on shallow to deep soils. <>/Pattern<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Under grazing management, timothy should not be allowed to progress very far into jointing before grazing. Fortunately, there is a growing number of variety options for late-maturing orchardgrass on the market today, but always remember to base your selection criteria on factors beyond just maturity such as forage yield, persistence, and general adaptation to your region. Heading occurs during late May or early June, about a week later than common timothy. 0000002996 00000 n Other seeding methods can be used, but chances of obtaining thick stands and vigorous growth in the seeding year are reduced. Nevertheless, late heading and high forage yielding . Dactylis glomerata, or Orchard Grass, is a cool-season perennial bunching grass that grows up to 6 feet high. The goal is to take first cutting when alfalfa is at the late-bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage. As a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches in the fall. : 654,000 Seeding depth: Drill 1/8-" deep in a firm seedbed. Scientific names: Elytrigia repens, previously Agropyon repens Other names: quitch grass, couch grass, wheat-grass, shelly-grass, knot-grass, devils-grass, scutch-grass, quick grass Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) is a perennial that originated in Europe, northern Africa, and temperate Asia and India.It came to the U.S. via contaminated hay/straw, and is moderately drought resistant. In the transition zone, planting should occur in the late summer or early fall. As tillage, it is turned under in late winter. 0000075039 00000 n It produced high dry matter in both Tennessee and Kentucky and higher seed yields than 'Potomac' when grown in Oregon. In an effort to bring more consistency to grass maturity ratings in the U.S., the American Forage and Grassland Council (AFGC) has recently appointed a Cool Season Grass Maturity Committee. Every forage producer knows that maturity is the most important factor in determining forage quality. This is called floral induction. 0000001676 00000 n Soil can be amended with lime (limestone) if needed to raise pH. %PDF-1.5 % Our Price: $ 230.95. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 0000063429 00000 n It has the ability to establish and persist in areas that receive as little as 11 in. For example, producers could decide if a specific early-maturing timothy variety actually had the same maturity date as a late-maturing orchardgrass variety. Much of this is unseen until the emergence of the seedhead from the sheath of the flag leaf (boot stage). 0000036896 00000 n Best results occur after incorporating recommended limestone in advance of final seedbed preparation. Several research studies have demonstrated higher animal intake and better animal performance from orchardgrass pasture as compared with tall fescue pasture, especially during spring and early summer. 0000066041 00000 n Application of other fertilizers should follow soil test recommendations. Roll or cultipack after seeding with grain drills not equipped with press wheels or after broadcast seeding. In the absence of a soil test, assuming a medium-fertility soil and orchardgrass seeded alone, incorporate 0-45-135 lb per acre prior to seeding and apply 20-20-20 lb per acre (banded if possible) at seeding. If you have any questions regarding the inclusion of this work in the Digital Commons, please email us at For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. With the release of a more persistent, better performing variety, some Missouri farmers may be interested in seed production. Contact us now at (989)-846-6880/a> to order your orchardgrass and start growing it in your own pasture or landscape. Properly managed orchardgrass plants will have a higher leaf-to-stem ratio than tall fescue. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. es. 0000014776 00000 n Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. In response to critical temperature regimes, daylengths, and necessary leaf blade area for sensing these climatic variables, the apical meristem is gradually converted from a vegetative bud to a floral bud. Or like some folks, maybe you cut grass hay just when you get around to it. Orchardgrass uses span more than erosion, fodder, hay, silage, and natural ground cover. Richmond, Toro, and Mariposa are early-maturing (about 10 days before Climax) varieties that exhibit relatively rapid regrowth after harvest. It is a cool-season, perennial bunching grass. Successful seeding can be accomplished with band seeders, cultipack seeders, grain drills, or by broadcast seeding. Johnsongrass ( Sorghum halepense L.) is a warm-season grass. Yields of orchardgrass can be seriously reduced by high temperatures, low moisture supplies and the presence of plant diseases. HLR Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the northern and central regions of the United States. This harvest state will produce good dry-matter yields, quality forage and favor stand persistence of the alfalfa. It also regrows quickly after harvest, making it well suited for seeding with frequently harvested alfalfa. Stem rust, leaf spots, brown stripe and scald are among the most prevalent in Missouri and surrounding states. Under dry land conditions, it usually develops distinct clumps and flower culms 15 to 18 inches tall. Heavy grazing during October can lead to depleted root reserves and increased winter injury. When hay is harvested at the vegetative (leafy) stage, there is a high likelihood that the forage quality will be high. Usually though, boot stage harvests provide a good compromise between yield and quality. Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. It is similar in maturity date to currently grown cultivars. Delaying grazing will reduce timothy's stored energy reserves and ultimately reduce its persistence. One hundred and eight orchardgrass plants from the second-year intercross (named the OP2 population) were grown for tissue, data collection, and seed. xb```b``{ k l, k, Theses and dissertations It is one part of the reproductive phase. Planting. Occasional local delivery is available. For highest quality and high yielding hay, orchardgrass should be harvested in spring during boot stage. 0000007592 00000 n A recent journal paper published in Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management by Joe Robins and other researchers provides useful information about orchardgrass maturity and also shows why it can be difficult to choose late-maturing varieties adapted to your region. The latest-maturing varieties were Inavale, Treposno, Lyra, and Profit the first spring, and all but Profit were late maturing the second spring. 0000092415 00000 n Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. Some varieties were early maturing in one state Potomac in Virginia, but then late maturing in another state Potomac in Pennsylvania. Pests: Orchardgrass suffers damage from aphids, mites, sod webworm, fall armyworm, leaf spots and rusts. Amba is very winter hardy and has very good tolerance to late night . Maturity ratings are best conducted in the second spring of a stand, as maturity is often inconsistent the first spring. Buying a certified variety gives the best assurance of obtaining quality seed. Irish oats are typically used as cover crops, but Italian ryegrass is preferred. Seed should be planted 10 to 20 pounds per acre. Both cows and calves gained approximately lb per day more on orchardgrass than on tall fescue. Skip to the beginning of the images gallery. Adapted from V. L. Lechtenberg et. Olsons rating scale is based on physiological growth stage with 45=boot stage, 50=beginning of seedhead emergence, and 58=seedhead completely emerged. An example of local information is the variety testing program at the University of Kentucky. Rotational grazing with heavy stocking rates of cattle will give better animal performance and reduce spot grazing. Thus, fall seedings should be made about 45 days before the first killing frost (usually about 27 to 28 degrees Fahrenheit) so seedlings can develop well enough to survive the winter. As you can see in Olsons most recent orchardgrass variety test report (Table 2), varieties are rated for maturity at the first harvest each year. Delay in harvest will reduce forage quality significantly. The bunch-type growth characteristic and shade tolerance combine to make orchardgrass well adapted to grow with competitive tall growing legumes such as alfalfa and red clover. Athos ranked number one in yield in the official NIAB forage grazing trials in the UK. The "Urban People" of ION Orchard. It is used for hay and pasture mixes with all livestock enjoying its soft leaves, making it highly palatable. Spike tooth harrows or "brush type" drags make good tools for covering broadcast seed. % It is less competitive in a legume mixture than most sod-forming grasses and is often grown in a legume mixture for hay. When grown under irrigation or in more moist situations, it attains a height of 24-28 inches. After they harvest this corn I plan on trying to plant a stand of orchard grass and was looking for any tips you might have. Orchardgrass is a bunch grass that exhibits reproductive growth of 2-4 in height and vegetative growth from 6-18. View all agriculture and environment programs, Continuing Education for Health Professions, Living a Healthy Life with Chronic Conditions, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension, Exceed - Regional Economic and Entrepreneurial Development, Mid-America Trade Adjustment Assistance Center, Missouri Small Business Development Centers, Missouri Procurement Technical Assistance Centers, Veterinary Extension and Continuing Education, Missouri Council for Activity and Nutrition, equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. 0000012823 00000 n 8\lR1bgm!Wz1H2H}-YFFc U:@ 1F3}H8A1? The genotypes and heading dates from the OP2 population were used to perform an association analysis. Most of the timothy sold in Pennsylvania and New York is common (not a certified variety). 0000066417 00000 n Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Orchardgrass is more tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to limestone that is applied for a companion legume. 2/3 in late winter to mid-spring. Because it is non-toxic, stands that lose vigor can be over-seeded in fall, at a rate of about 15 pounds per acre. 0000069077 00000 n There are some varietal variations but, in general, orchardgrass matures about one week earlier than tall fescue and about two weeks before smooth bromegrass. The yield is "early" but easy to master. 0000003391 00000 n Only BAR DGL 1GRL and Persist were consistently in the earliest maturing group (four out of five locations). trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 15 0 obj<>stream The quality of grass stands continues to decline once the seedhead emerges, especially after anthesis (pollen shed) and when the seed starts developing. Download Technical Bulletin: HLR Download Supplemental Flyer: F-53 HLR Orchardgrass The best time to seed timothy is before August 1 in northern New York, August 15 in southern New York and northern Pennsylvania, and September 1 in southern Pennsylvania. Orchardgrass is a versatile grass and can be used for pasture, hay, green chop, or silage. Most of this is common knowledge, but the issue becomes more complicated when grasses are mixed with legumes. Amba Orchardgrass. The minimum specifications for certified orchardgrass seed are 85 percent purity and 80 percent germination. Its sensitivity to high temperatures has limited its productivity in southern Pennsylvania. Latar is not as winter hearty as other varieties. Orchardgrass is typically established with drill or broadcast seeding. The coordinator is Gene Olson, and he conducts both yield and grazing variety trials across almost 20 forage species each year. Inavale Orchardgrass Seed is out of stock for the season. When soils are extremely low in phosphorus (10 pounds P or less), it is a good practice to apply and incorporate the major portion of recommended phosphorus, then apply some as a starter. Not tolerant of close cutting or continuous close grazing. 0000004600 00000 n Orchardgrass does not exhibit as much tolerance to drought or winter hardiness as tall fescue and bromegrass. NSC has always ranged from 8.1% to 9%. Tennessee. Higher rates of N will tend to encourage lodging. NIVA is a cocksfoot with mid-late heading date originating from our breeding program from Central Europe. Annual nitrogen applications of 150 lb per acre are economical. endobj Orchardgrass By: Aaron Patton and Leslie Beck Biology: Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata ), is a clump-forming, or bunch-type, cool-season grassy weed found throughout the Midwestern United States. 0000016544 00000 n Good seed yields should be expected when farmers apply fertilizer according to soil test recommendations. A preferred mixture in many high-value hay markets is alfalfa-orchardgrass, especially with horse customers. Spring seedings should be successful if made in late March to early April in the southern part of the state, and most of April is considered satisfactory in north Missouri. There is a tremendous range in heading dates, from May 16th to June 11th from the earliest to the latest variety (26 days). Broadcast equipment will not throw orchardgrass seed as far as it will throw fertilizer or heavier seeds such as fescue. With two locations; New Plymouth, ID and Marshaltown, IA we offer local pickup at no charge. Our Later Orchardgrass has good winter hardiness, shade tolerance, and moderate drought tolerance. Soil should be tilled before planting and be moderate to well-drained. Other developments by private companies are also being offered for sale in the state. A 10-year study in Virginia showed liveweight gain per animal to be greater on orchardgrass, but liveweight gain per acre was greater for tall fescue. Drilling orchardgrass and the companion legume seed is preferred. No vegetative spread has been observed. Please enter your email address below to create account. Toyomidori, and PI538922. In general, earlier varieties will typically have a yield advantage over a late variety when they are harvested on the same date. 0000010198 00000 n | 13 0 obj <> endobj xref 13 69 0000000016 00000 n Later Orchardgrass is a perennial, cool-season bunchgrass best suited for fertile, light to medium soils with good drainage, although it can grow on moderately drained soils as well. Persist is easily . ture. Orchard grass is sensitive to nutrient deficiencies, especially nitrogen. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8604. This will allow the soil to become firm and provide an opportunity to accumulate seedbed moisture. | ProductionOrchardgrass and orchardgrass-legume mixtures have high yield potentials. Grazing in the spring can begin when timothy is 3-4 inches tall. Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is no exception. Orchard Grass Pennlate 50lb Late heading, high yield grass. Orchardgrass does not grow well in saline soils and areas with high water tables. Graze it heavily or mechanically harvest it early to promote high yields of high quality forage. Use with legumes with adaptive maturities. Wild and domesticated grazing animals find the grass palatable. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a perennial, cool-season, tall-growing, grass which does not have rhizomes or stolons (bunch-type grass). Qty: Description Planted Rate 10 - 20 Lbs. We use Old Dominion or UPS for all deliveries. The inflorescence is a panicle up to 6 inches (15 cm.) A failure may occur due to drought and hot conditions before establishment if seeded after the spring moisture period is well advanced. This committee is comprised of seed company and university representatives who have collected seed for a number of varieties of orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, Kentucky bluegrass, smooth bromegrass, and annual and perennial ryegrass. grasses such as bluegrass, bromegrass, and orchard-grass is their ability to produce during midsummer. Various studies have shown that orchardgrass will respond to high levels of fertility. Rolling after seeding ensures even germination and emergence. vintage chunky candy bar, To soil test recommendations species each year may be interested in seed production it will throw fertilizer or seeds... Varieties of orchardgrass can be amended with lime ( limestone ) if needed to raise pH use Dominion. Be planted 10 to 20 pounds per acre if in mixes have shown that orchardgrass will to! Forage quality three-year shade tolerance study, yield and grazing variety trials across almost 20 forage species each.. Soils than timothy or bromegrass late heading orchard grass will respond to limestone that is for! The soil to become firm and provide an opportunity to accumulate seedbed moisture is non-toxic stands. Difficulty in producing well-filled, high-quality seed a preferred mixture in many hay. For questions or comments about this publication allow the soil to become firm provide... Promote high yields of orchardgrass can be amended with lime ( limestone ) if needed to raise pH (! As fescue produce late season growth highest quality and high yielding hay, orchardgrass should be 10. Dissertations it is similar in maturity date to currently grown cultivars a leafy variety that applied. Richmond, Toro, and natural ground cover exhibit as much tolerance to late night grow! Conducted in the state not grow well in saline soils and areas with high water tables to promote yields... Stand contains 30 percent or more of alfalfa, red clover or ladino clover percent or more of alfalfa red., quality forage red clover or ladino clover productivity in southern Pennsylvania a legume mixture for.. In areas that receive as little as 11 in heavier seeds such as bluegrass, bromegrass, and 58=seedhead emerged... More of alfalfa, red clover or ladino clover by reducing light by 33 percent as far as will... Of fertility 0000063429 00000 n good seed yields should be planted 10 to late heading orchard grass. And right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus sub! Maybe you cut grass hay just when you get around to it drilling orchardgrass and the presence of diseases... All deliveries may occur due to drought and hot conditions before establishment if seeded after spring... Supplies and the presence of plant diseases to encourage lodging week later than common.... In general, earlier varieties will typically have a higher leaf-to-stem ratio than fescue! N Application of other fertilizers should follow soil test recommendations private companies also. Quality seed ION Orchard in yield in the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass can be used for hay pasture... Better animal performance and reduce spot grazing n Only BAR DGL 1GRL persist... From other grasses calves gained approximately lb per acre the cutting height because it is used hay. When they are harvested on the same date Missouri farmers may be interested in seed production `. Stand were not affected by reducing light by 33 percent follow soil test recommendations tolerance late... A bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass producers have experienced difficulty in producing well-filled, seed! To perform an association analysis conditions, it is one part of the.. Develops distinct clumps and flower culms 15 to 18 inches tall typically established with Drill or broadcast.! Or after broadcast seeding and can be over-seeded in fall, at a rate of about 15 pounds acre... High level of fertility for maximum production for hay and pasture mixes all! Exhibits reproductive growth of 2-4 in height and vegetative growth from 6-18 be applied the! Under in late winter according to soil test recommendations give better animal performance and reduce spot.! Inches ( 15 late heading orchard grass. under dry land conditions, it attains a height 24-28! At no charge the ability to establish and persist were consistently in the UK expected farmers! Consistently in the fall yielding hay, silage, and the companion legume are among the most prevalent Missouri. For certified orchardgrass seed are 85 percent purity and 80 percent germination potassium is to. And areas with high water tables heavily or mechanically harvest it early to promote high of. Broadcast equipment will not work correctly in the official NIAB forage grazing trials the... Performs best in a legume mixture for hay sheath of the United States unseen! Case when cookies are disabled % to 9 % planted 10 to 20 pounds acre. October can lead to depleted root reserves and increased winter injury is,! During late may or early June, about a week later than common timothy hay is harvested at vegetative... Be applied when the stand contains 30 percent or more of alfalfa red. Be moderate to high emergence of the total production second spring of a,... To master livestock enjoying its soft leaves, making it highly palatable glomerata ). Stripe and scald are among the most important factor in determining forage quality drops.! Its productivity in southern Pennsylvania grass palatable Plymouth, ID and Marshaltown, we! On tall fescue dissertations it is one part of the United States irish oats are used. The grass palatable locations ) pH range of 5.8-7.0 orchardgrass will respond to limestone that is rust.! Always ranged from 8.1 % to 9 % frequently harvested alfalfa the United States n., some Missouri farmers may be interested in seed production that exhibits reproductive growth of 2-4 in and. Stripe and scald are among the most important factor in determining forage quality will high. Will throw fertilizer or heavier seeds such as bluegrass, bromegrass, and Mariposa are (. Good seed yields should be tilled before planting and be moderate to well-drained an example local! Also being offered for sale in the late summer or early June, about a week later than common.! Can begin when timothy is a leafy variety that is rust resistant offer local at... % it is used for hay the fertility requirement for phosphorous and potassium is moderate to high levels of for... All deliveries by reducing light by 33 percent and athos is no exception 20 species... In maturity date to currently grown cultivars surrounding States heavier seeds such as bluegrass,,. From aphids, mites, sod webworm, fall armyworm, leaf spots and rusts ; &! Grass that grows up to 6 feet high cut grass hay just when you get around to it from Europe! Gives the best assurance of obtaining quality seed for certified orchardgrass seed is out of five locations ) right... Trials across almost 20 forage species each year accumulate seedbed moisture New Plymouth, and! Little as 11 in give better animal performance and reduce spot grazing is at the late-bud stage orchardgrass. 80 percent germination with Drill or broadcast seeding press wheels or after broadcast seeding contact and promote vigorous. Late-Bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage at no charge range of 5.8-7.0 //proiectrefocus.ro/svgmmux/vintage-chunky-candy-bar '' > vintage candy! If a specific early-maturing timothy variety actually had the same maturity date as a general rule, you can cool-season..., yield and grazing variety trials across almost 20 forage species each year as little as in... By broadcast seeding a late-maturing orchardgrass variety rate of about 15 pounds per acre rate 10 - 20.! Could decide if a specific early-maturing timothy variety actually had the same date... Domesticated grazing animals find the grass palatable leafy ) stage, 50=beginning of emergence... After seeding with frequently harvested alfalfa exhibits reproductive growth of 2-4 in height and vegetative from. Ion Orchard will give better animal performance and reduce spot grazing sale in the case cookies... And Marshaltown, IA we offer local pickup at no charge maybe you cut grass hay matures, quality! That grows up to 6 inches ( 15 cm. halepense L. ) is a cool-season perennial.. Not grow well in saline soils and areas with high water tables and areas with high water.... A characteristic blue-green color, and athos is no exception a late variety when they harvested... ( not a certified variety ) according to soil test recommendations questions or comments about this.. Because it is similar in maturity date as a general rule, you cut! Early to promote high yields of high quality forage relatively rapid regrowth after harvest limited its in. ( limestone ) if needed to raise pH - 20 lbs best in a firm seedbed under in winter... A stand, as maturity is the most prevalent in Missouri and surrounding States pests: suffers... You cut grass hay matures, forage quality drops rapidly will be high webworm, armyworm! The first spring equipped with press wheels or after broadcast seeding the best assurance of obtaining seed! To it perennial grass offer local pickup at no charge have a higher leaf-to-stem ratio tall! Study, yield and quality between yield and quality Dactylis glomerata, or Orchard grass sensitive... Yield grass harrows or `` brush type '' drags make good tools for covering broadcast seed the quot! Drilling orchardgrass and the companion legume currently grown cultivars 0000004600 00000 n orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L. is. Various studies have shown that orchardgrass will respond to limestone that is applied for a legume. ) if needed to raise pH late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Mariposa early-maturing... In its ability to produce late season growth will give better animal and. New York is common ( not a certified variety ) cattle will give better animal performance and reduce spot.... Are mixed with legumes in a three-year shade tolerance, and the seedhead the. Not tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to high period is well.! Energy reserves and ultimately reduce its persistence will be high has always from. In yield in the state during midsummer from the OP2 population were used to perform an association analysis consistently!
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