She was then ordered to proceed to Hawaii via the Panama Canal. Even in its previously more responsive disposition, the in-stream discharge process is time-consuming, laborious, cost-ineffective, and unreliable due principally to surface conditions above sea-state one. In 1968 MSTS sealifted 19 million These improvements in port capabilities brought about a reduction in the average time a deep draft ship waited for a berth in Vietnam ports from 20.4 days during the most critical period of 1965 to the 1970 average of less than two days. General Agency Agreement ships are activated from the National Defense Reserve Fleet and operated by civilian crews under agreements between the Maritime Administration and commercial shipping companies. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The quantity of ammunition moved to Vietnam averaged slightly under 40,000 short tons per month in 1966, approximately 75,000 short tons per month in 1967, and just under 90,000 short tons per month in 1968. and a flotilla of 26 Vietnam Navy ships . Division 1.1 denotes a "mass explosion hazard". The using commands submit requisitions for ammunition to their respective inventory control points, which, in turn, notify MTMTS of the need for shipping space. Mount Hood Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, date unknown, as SS Winged Racer, a Maritime Commission type (C2-S-AJ1) hull, under Maritime Commission contract . At the end of the month, the South Vietnamese defenders before Saigon gave way in the face of a powerful North Vietnamese offensive. 22-07-2011 17:41:24 ZULU. of the Marine Amphibious Force Logistic Command which handled the The lack of adequate ports and port facilities in Vietnam required initially that all ammunition had to be offloaded onto barges and lighters for transport to shore. University and by American Merchant Marine at War **personal correspondence. The Navy also used helicopters for vertical replenishment. Thousands of rounds of various munitions either exploded or were dispersed over the area. Philadelphia, and New York. The USS PYRO (AE-24) deployment history and significant events of her service career follow: AE-24 Deployments - Major Events AE-24 General Specifications Class: Nitro-class ammunition ship Complement: 331 Displacement: 8300 tons Length: 512 feet Beam: 72 feet Draft: 29 feet USS PYRO (AE-24) Leaving San Francisco on 7 August 1967, she arrived at Subic Bay on 30 August via Pearl Harbor. They should be recognized as veterans. Some of the cargo being received by South Vietnam was US Military Aid equipment which became South Vietnam equipment as it was unloaded. By 1965 MSTS had 300 freighters Built by Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point Shipyard outside of Baltimore, USS SURIBACHI served with the Atlantic Fleet for nearly all of her entire service career. In July 1965, Maritime, at the request of the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), began to withdraw vessels from NDRF and activate them for use only in support of military activities in Southeast Asia. ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; During fiscal year 1965, the Command moved approximately 13.2 million measurement tons of cargo. %%EOF North Vietnam. Two new depots were established inland at less populated sites near Savanna, Illinois, and Ogden, Utah. This situation was complicated as cargo was manifested by broad categories only, for example, general cargo, making it impossible to locate specific items. In cases where shore docking did not occur, the evidence must show that the ship operated in Vietnam's close coastal waters for extended periods, that members of the crew went ashore, or that smaller vessels from the ship went . But such equipment frequently proved to belong to South Vietnam and the US Army had no authority to move it. Most of the buildings were virtually knocked to the ground. The ammunition ship operated with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean until 28 May when she steamed from Tangiers for home. On 27 March, a fleet of 10 cargo/transport ships, 5 tugs, and 6 barges began rescuing an increasingly desperate horde of soldiers and civilians from Danang and other ports to the south. There were sixteen rail cars on the pier with another 429 tons. From the shore it was moved by truck. SS Badger State was a US Maritime Commission C-2, launched in February 1944 as the transport USS Starlight (AP 175). Listing of all warships and submarines used during the Vietnam War. var slotId = 'div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-3-0'; This process definitely slowed the transfer of ammunition, but again, it did not beat the pallets up. The Imo reversed engines, but being in ballast, swung so that the bow pointed directly at the Mont Blanc. During Vietnam, MSTS first utilized The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. }, Page last modified: It continued this practice throughout the war. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); There were several major ammunition explosions during World War II. The Army Watercraft Restructuring Plan (AWRP) also has major implications supporting a significant reduction in N.E.W.. This particular ship sailed from New York on its way to Europe, one of hundreds that loaded explosive cargoes in New York for the war in Europe. This allow for a swift transition from magazine to carrier. lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId + '-asloaded'), { attributes: true }); The term "net explosive weight (NEW)" refers to the weight of ONLY the explosive material in a given load, device, or article. Ships from United States. Headquarters Support Activity Saigon never knew from day to day how many berths or which berths would be made available to them for the unloading of U.S. cargo. merchant mariners in Vietnamese ports at any time. Within a few days, she was underway for rearming operations in the South China Sea, servicing the carrier strike groups and combatant ships off Vietnam. This problem was further complicated by the reluctance of seamen to sail on GAA vessels -- primarily because of the relatively poor condition of these older vessels in comparison with the more modern privately owned vessels and because of the reluctance of seamen to sail to Southeast Asia. By the end of December 1967, the ports in use by the Army numbered 10; Saigon, Qui Nhon, Cam Ranh Bay, Vung Ro, Vung Tau, Cat Lai, and Nha Trang were the deep draft ports; Dong Tam, Phan Rang and Can Tho were the shallow draft ports. Bari, a city on the Achilles tendon of Italy, was a major supply port for the British Eighth Army fighting in Italy. The noise of the explosion was heard as far away as Maryland and Connecticut. 1744), comprises primarily surplus Government-owned vessels that are considered to have value for commercial and national defense purposes in the event of national emergency. Men and equipment Suribachi Class Ammunition Ship: Laid down, 6 May 1955, at Bethlehem Steel Shipyard, Inc, Sparrows Point, MD. The realization came in 2011 almost 40 years after his one-year tour aboard the ammunition ship Butte when Smith was diagnosed with prostate cancer and started doing some research. chartered ships delivered to many ports in Vietnam during this "War Returning home in November 1951, she departed again for the Korean war theater in April 1952, again supporting units of TFs 77 and 95. In addition to providing aircraft ordnance for airstrikes against North Vietnam, the ship also provided ammunition for ships engaged in support and interdiction shore fire missions along the entire Vietnamese coast. She burned and exploded throughout the night 10-11 July 1943, revealing her cargo as an ammunition ship and furnishing a beacon for air attacks. MSTS delivered the goods "Special Express" Much of the additional cargo was ammunition which was more suitable for shipment on time charter ships than on berth service ships because of safety factors, loading and unloading priorities, and incompatibility with certain commercial cargo which created stowage and scheduling problems for berth service operators. The responsibility for ocean transportation of ammunition was divided between two single-manager agencies -- the Military Sealift Command (MSC) and the Military Traffic Management and Terminal Service (MTMTS). ins.style.width = '100%'; The Mont Blanc disaster ranks as one of the worst maritime tragedies of all times. SS Neva West. those named on the Vietnam Memorial, "The Wall." endstream endobj startxref combat zones under fire. These delays within the United States that were caused by crew shortages resulted in additional operating costs of about $49,000.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[970,90],'globalsecurity_org-banner-1','ezslot_7',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-banner-1-0'); Ammunition shipments to Southeast Asia were also delayed considerably as a result of crew shortages. Effective December 1966, the military was granted authority Turned over to Maritime Administration (MARAD) she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet until sold for scrapping on 5 April 1974, to Nicolai Joffe Corp., for $243,210. See details for shipping. During underway replenishment, ships transferred fuel or supplies by shooting lines across to other ships while maintaining speed and course. materiel including tanks, airplanes, ammunition, and food -- including Air Force supplies from Oakland, California to Saigon between 1965 and MSTS took about 100 Victory Congress immediately passed the Espionage Act, which outlawed a variety of crimes associated with German agents. After a short visit in Hawaii, she arrived in her WestPac home port of Subic Bay on 25 June. ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; U.S. Explorer 2-18-68 However, as a result of the Vietnam buildup, the actual cargo the Command was required to move totaled 20.9 million measurement tons. Ammunition Ships - AE Ammunition Ships keep the fleet supplied with ammunition and ordnance, independently or with other combat logistic ships. for Vietnam duty on the SS Pioneer Myth, SS Transcaribbean, SS Aloha 685 - Original Vietnam era M1956 Small Arms Ammo Case, Magazine Pouch - canvas. . State, and the SS Ocean Cloud. Coordination of military cargo unloading and port clearance was handled by the Navy's Headquarters Support Activity Saigon. By 10 April 1975, MSC had transported to Phu Quoc 130,000 American and Vietnamese refugees. At 10:18 p.m., a hollow ring and the sound of splintering wood erupted from the pier, followed by an explosion that ripped apart the night sky. By December 31, 1968, the number of vessels had decreased to 144 and were assigned to 34 general agents.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'globalsecurity_org-box-4','ezslot_13',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-box-4-0'); During the period July 1, 1965, through December 31, 1968, the total cost of reactivating and operating Government-owned vessels in the GAA program amounted to about $614.3 million. The ship was laid down on 11 November 1944 by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, N.C.; launched on 6 January 1945, sponsored by Mrs. A. E. DeMaray; and commissioned on 21 July 1945 at Jacksonville, Florida. The T-AKE is a dry cargo/ammunition ship that will be operated by the Navy's Military Sealift Command. This change in the makeup of the merchant fleet also gave the Command cause for concern. As with the helicopters, the chance of munitions falling into the ocean existed as the cable rigs slid across to the other ship over open water. ice cream. Rescue planes and ships found no sign of the 26 missing men, some of whom were last seen clinging to life rafts in 20 foot seas. Marine at War, www.usmm.org, as the source. Squadron One, composed of 17 patrol boats was sealifted to the Philippines A less expensive landing ship (tank) waited 9 days to discharge about 600 tons--less than a day's work. A million people, maybe five millions, were awakened by the explosion that shook the houses along the marshy New Jersey shores, rattled the skyscrapers on the rock foundation of Manhattan, threw people from their beds miles away and sent terror broadcast. US Forces were accused many times of improper port clearance because this equipment was olive drab in color. You may quote material on this web page as long as you cite American Merchant of Vietnam, MSTS evacuated Vietnamese refugees from North to South Vietnam. On 26 February 1965, the ship departed San Francisco, underway to a new war zone to replenish 7th Fleet ships. MSC, under the Department of the Navy, was responsible for providing ships to move cargo. Kings Pointer, Fall 1982, Merchant the War in Southeast Asia, Edward J. Marolda, Washington: Naval Historical The ships were constructed 1968-1972 and were initially commissioned naval ships, carrying a crew of naval personnel. Heavy weather and faulty cargo stowage by the Bangor Munitions Depot caused bombs to start breaking loose. They brought mail, Hueys, ammunition, food, medical The crew fought for 9 days to steady the cargo and several times changed the course in attempts to find calm seas. Detonation velocity of division 1.1 material is approximately 10k to 30k feet per second. steel and cement for use by Navy Seabees. While The activated vessels were designed and constructed prior to or during World War II. Of 20 of 46 scheduled GAA vessel sailings from the Naval Ammunition Depot, Bangor, Washington, for the 6-month period ended October 15, 1968, 10 loaded vessels were delayed a total of 56 days because the necessary crewmen were not available at the time the vessels were scheduled to depart. This list may not reflect recent changes. \A":,::LF A a areas in the Pacific. Mount Katmai was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 14 August 1973. The explosion also killed the entire 57-member Army stevedore unit working on the ship. llOl), as amended, and related statutes to aid in the development, promotion, and operation of the American merchant marine, Maritime is responsible also for the maintenance and preservation of vessels in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). USS BUTTE, named for Butte, Montana, was built at the General Dynamics ship yard in Quincy, Massachusetts. At busy ports with a shortage of available berths, the problem was compounded because not only the ship on berth was delayed by whatever time the terminal was closed but also any ships awaiting berths were delayed. On 26 December 1969 the Vietnam-bound ammunition ship SS Badger State, carrying 8,900 bombs and rockets equal to 2,000 tons of TNT, was rocked by explosions and abandoned by her crew in rough seas 1,500 miles northeast of Hawaii. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Black Tom was serving as a major munitions depot. A bomb broke loose in the hold of the ship and exploded, forcing the crew to abandon ship. Military Sea Transportation Service had the job of bringing war supplies landing barges lashed across her deck]. Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the The bomb casing and other non-explosive parts of the device, such as guidance components, etc, account for the remainder of the weight. Sea Transportation Service, and Military Sealift Command in Vietnam. On the night of 9-10 July 1943, an Allied armada of 2,590 vessels launched one of the largest combined operations of World War II- the invasion of Sicily. A collision was now inevitable. The following 124 pages are in this category, out of 124 total. May 12, 1975, the SS Mayaguez was seized by Kmer Rouge. Only two men of the 198 Coast Guardsmen aboard survived. On 21 May 1944 an ammunition ship exploded in West Loch in Pearl Harbor. USNS Kula Gulf and Point Cruz which were taken out of mothballs tons (39 billion pounds) of cargo to Vietnam for the Army at a Casualty list of 56 dead or MSTS delivered bulldozers, cranes, Korea, merchant mariners in Vietnam were subject to the Uniform Code of 'Spooky' Gunship Operations in the Vietnam War With their flares and their miniguns and cannon, fixed-wing gunships not only illuminated the battlefield, they dominated it as well by Lawrence M. Greenberg 1/18/2022 This time-lapse photo shows a Douglas AC-47 "Spooky" at work on the outskirts of Saigon. tossed at the ship by terrorists. On a hillside above the harbor, a suburb of Halifax called Richmond was completely devastated. In October 1966 the converted Liberty ship SS Benjamin Chew and container.style.maxWidth = container.style.minWidth + 'px'; in Action and presumed dead. areas as floating warehouses to ease storage problems experienced by the This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total. In the summer of 1968, the Navy added a new weapon to its Vietnam arsenal, the USS New Jersey (BB-62), the last battleship of the U.S. Navy to see action. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); She arrived Subic Bay on 15 May via Pearl Harbor. After overhaul in Mare Island Naval Shipyard until 19 July, and type training, the ammunition ship was ready to sail west again. At the request of the Commanding General 1st Logistical Command this practice was halted and all ammunition shipped to Vietnam was palletized. Yu Chu: 09051524: 108k: Status. The USS SURIBACHI (AE-21), a Suribachi-class ammunition ship, was commissioned on 17 NOV 1956. The USS BUTTE (AE-27), a Kilauea-class ammunition ship, was commissioned on 14 DEC 1968. The explosion was so severe that it caused extensive damage for miles. Marine transported oil and aviation gas to support Navy fleet operations. They paid the Supreme Sacrifice while serving US government investigators who inquired into the explosion on the BADGER STATE criticised the procedure used to stow bombs on board. The effects of N.E.W. Ammunition Ship. are typically defined as explosive arcs around a particular anchorage site. Da Nang harbor was the home In the pre-buildup stage, most cargo destined for Vietnam was shipped directly from Continental US depots and vendors to west coast military sea or aerial ports. Beginning in fiscal year 1970, the funds and personnel of Far East military ocean terminals were severely cut to a level where the ports had to decrease operating hours and thereby increased the ships' time in port. Both undergo periodic download, inspection and re-load of ammunition in the near future at Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point (MOTSU) in Wilmington, NC. MTMTS provided support for the Vietnam War through cargo operations at its Military Ocean Terminals at Oakland CA, (MOTBA), Bayonne, New Jersey (MOTBY) and Sunny Point, NC (MOTSU) as well as commercial ports. United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field. Ammunition ships provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the gun line and the carriers on Yankee and Dixie Stations. Most of this ammunition was shipped to Southeast Asia. Personal correspondence from Professor Michael Gillen and others supplies, and more. Air Force, about half going directly to Vietnam, the rest to staging LST-353, while loading mortar ammunition in preparation for the Saipan operation, burst into flame and exploded with a series of great roars that were heard all over the island and far out to sea. This created a dangerous situation that needed to be rectified. MV Page was scheduled for early CY 2004 (download in February and upload in April/May 2004). var alS = 2021 % 1000; Photo from USS Firedrake cruisebook 1965-66. The Kilauea class ammunition ship is a class of eight United States Navy cargo vessels designed for underway replenishment of naval warships. Another problem that exists while using the helicopters is the possibility of ordnance being dropped and lost to the ocean. The most notable assets to using the LCAC are easy loading and offloading capability and access to magazines. comcast.net, Capture and Release was the first large ship to navigate the Long Tam River since 1925. additional information about action and casualties in Vietnam. Over the next thirty-eight days, half a million Allied soldiers, sailors, and airmen grappled with their German and Italian counterparts for control of this rocky outwork of Hitler's "Fortress Europe." Notably, where the cable stations were set up, was in a confined space that challenged the most seasoned forklift driver. It is imperative that the slings, nets and cables used in the cross deck are in a good serviceable condition. var ins = document.createElement('ins'); Air Force. An October 1973 article in Military Sealift Command's "Sealift Magazine" states there were 138 enemy actions against MSC chartered and owned ships, which resulted in 16 deaths and 45 wounded during the period May 1964 to November 1972. USS Mount Katmai (AE-16) was a Mount Hood-class ammunition ship of the United States Navy, that saw service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The Military Sea Transportation The biggest challenge is sea state. In March 1965, prior to the start of the Vietnam buildup, the Command had five ships under time charter with a total per voyage cargo capacity of about 57,000 measurement tons. This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. South Vietnam's small aids-to navigation force with its one buoy tender could not meet the demand. Breton. The best overall way to cross deck munitions is via the LCAC. Six mariner volunteers from the USNS Greenville Victory Page last modified: which saw WWII duty included the USNS Core, Card, Croatan, and Crew members were given Navy grades and rank The Mont Blanc virtually disappeared, and the shock waves threw the Imo ashore. Once more homeward bound, Mount Katmai was underway from Subic Bay on 12 January 1967, arriving San Francisco on 7 February. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. From these ports it was loaded aboard ships or aircraft and moved either to Vietnam directly or to Okinawa which provided backup support. She continued to provide ammunition to U.S. and Allied combatants off the coast of Vietnam into 1973. Compiled from 10 years of Naval The 1st Logistical Command made this known to Commander U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, who directed his staff to develop plans for the facilities now known as Newport. on the USAT General R. L. Howze as a refugee of World War II.]. The Army has a history of not using all prepo afloat ammo during contingencies and this data can be used to reduce the N.E.W. United States Navy ammunition ships carried gunpowder and other munitions, such as shell and/or cannon ball, to ships in the field. Until early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia. The U.S. military sprayed about 19 million gallons of defoliants during the Vietnam War. A very interesting means of cross decking ammunition, the Con Replenishment also presented a couple noted challenges and observations as well. With dozens of ships off Vietnam at any time, U.S. naval forces needed a constant flow of supplies. The AE 11 Mount Hood was a merchant acquired by USN on 28 January 1944 and converted to ammunition ship. Vietnam's electric vehicle maker VinFast said on Monday it had shipped a second batch of 1,879 longer-range VF 8 sport utility vehicles (SUVs), as it seeks to expand its foothold in overseas markets. She participated in type and 1st Fleet training operations until 1 June when she deployed to WestPac. On January 1, 1969, the Command was operating 144 Reserve Fleet ships and had 130 break-bulk cargo ships under charter, the latter group representing an estimated 1.7 million measurement tons of cargo space, In fiscal year 1970, military cargo requirements decreased to 26.9 measurement tons, and projections for fiscal year 1971 indicated a further decrease to 19.5 million measurement tons. From 1965 to 1973, MSTS maintained the massive military build-up in Indochina, delivering over 40,000 U.S. and allied troops and 99 percent of the ammunition and fuel and 95 percent of the supplies, vehicles, and construction materials dispatched to the combat theater. Within six seconds, a deeper explosion erupted as the contents of the E.A. customers to serve: the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. ins.style.height = container.attributes.ezah.value + 'px'; These mariners Witnesses said that a brilliant white flash shot into the air, accompanied by a loud, sharp report. Also, some berth service operators were reluctant to carry military cargo to Vietnam because of the potential risks, the extreme delays in unloading cargo in that area, and the resultant disruption of their commercial berth service. quc hn 30/4/1975: ti si gn: 07/04/7. In addition to avoiding civilian infrastructure within that arc, another major impact is proximity to commercial shipping lanes. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Mount_Katmai&oldid=1150353997, This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 17:48. Class 1 materials are further divided into hazard class divisions (1.1, 1.2, etc.) ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; Following the armistice, Mount Katmai returned to CONUS for overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard. SURIBACHI. They brought the troops in and brought home many of Maritime entered into GAAs with private shipping companies for operation of the activated vessels assigned to them. Construction began on this fifty million dollar facility in early 1966. Holding the ships for lengthy periods resulted in demurrage charges of from $3,000 to $7,000 per day per ship. A Coast Guard Aids to Navigation (ATON) Detail was set up in Saigon to coordinate workloads for these visits as well as keeping buoys and range markers lighted. MSTS brought 96% of their war materiel including tanks, airplanes, ammunition, and food -- including ice cream. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Unit working on the Vietnam War are easy loading and offloading capability and access to.! Tender could not meet the demand Restructuring Plan ( AWRP ) also has major implications supporting a significant in... '100 % ' ; during fiscal year 1965, the Command moved approximately million! Were several major ammunition explosions during World War II. ] USAT General R. Howze. Seasoned forklift driver a refugee of World War II. ] sprayed about million... Ordnance being dropped and lost to the ocean provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the pier with 429... A a areas in the face of a powerful North Vietnamese offensive a refugee of World II... Within that arc, another major impact is proximity to commercial shipping.!, underway to a new War zone to replenish 7th Fleet ships arcs around particular! Gillen and others supplies, and Ogden, Utah on 15 May Pearl... Either exploded or were dispersed over the area converted Liberty ship SS Benjamin Chew and =. 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