Manasa was a tribal goddess. Some classical references refer to three Gorgons; Harrison considered that the tripling of Medusa into a trio of sisters was a secondary feature in the myth: The triple form is not primitive, it is merely an instance of a general tendency which makes of each woman goddess a trinity, which has given us the Horae, the Charites, the Semnai, and a host of other triple groups. The terror of Medusa is thus a terror of castration that is linked to the sight of something. ", "The Timeless Myth of Medusa, a Rape Victim Turned Into a Monster", Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at Harvard University Press, "Medusa in Myth and Literary History" English.uiuc.edu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medusa&oldid=1150343121. Since Medusa was the only one of the three Gorgons who was mortal, Perseus was able to slay her while looking at the reflection from the mirrored shield he received from Athena. More like a hundred headed serpentine dragon, actually. Cixous calls writing "an act which will not only 'realize' the decensored relation of woman to her sexuality, to her womanly being, giving her access to her native strength; it will give her back her goods, her pleasures, her organs, her immense bodily territories which have been kept under seal." To start, ye old snakes can be considered the epitome of multitaskers. [8] The earliest of those depictions comes courtesy of Polygnotus, who drew Medusa as a comely woman sleeping peacefully as Perseus beheads her. Yet the Greek economy, unlike that of the . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Few scholars additionally speculate if the tree in Ningishzidas name could instead reference a vine, since the god is also closely linked to alcohol (similar to the Greek Dionysus). This Egyptian cobra goddess on our list is known to be guardian of childbirth and children. Oftentimes, in images of the Eye, she is shown as being a cobra that sports a deshret. This article was most recently revised and updated by, IndiaNetzone - Manasa Devi, Hindu Goddess. Among a group of contemporary Maya people living near Lake Atitlan in Guatemala the womb is visualized as a coiled snake. In Nordic myth, evil was symbolized by the serpent (actually a dragon) Nidhogg (the 'Dread Biter') who coiled around one of the three roots of Yggdrasil the Tree of Life, and tried to choke or gnaw the life from it. Wadjet appeared in the form of a venomous Egyptian cobra or as a snake headed woman. [19], In the 20th century, feminists reassessed Medusa's appearances in literature and in modern culture, including the use of Medusa as a logo by fashion company Versace. [27] Thousands of people gather around snake pools called Naga kuan that are said to lead to Nagaloka, the lavish underwater world of these snake deities or Nagas. Coatlicue was a goddess that played a number of roles in the Aztec pantheon. Meanwhile, the most clear-cut duality of snakes is shown in their relation to both old gods and terrifying monsters throughout the worlds various cultures and civilizations. The Great Goddess often had snakes as her familiarssometimes twining around her sacred staff, as in ancient Creteand they were worshipped as guardians of her mysteries of birth and regeneration. Many images of elite Minoan women, perhaps priestesses, look very much like this figurine. In ancient Indian myth, the drought-serpent Ahi or Vritra swallowed the primordial ocean and did not release all created beings until Indra split the serpent's stomach with a thunderbolt. From his point of view the attribute of the goddess a snake was a form of an underworld spirit, which had domestic and a friendly significance. the secrets of herself). As it turns out, this Naga is no ordinary snake! The dualism that she embodies is powerfully concretized in her image: her face is of two fanged serpents and her skirt is of interwoven snakes (snakes symbolize fertility); her breasts are flabby (she nourished many); her necklace is of hands, hearts, and a skull (she feeds on corpses, as the earth consumes all that dies); and her fingers and Snake Goddess from the palace at Knossos, c. 1600 B.C.E., majolica, 29.5 cm high (Archaeological Museum of Heraklion, photo: Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0), Snake Goddess from the palace at Knossos, c. 1600 B.C.E., majolica, 29.5 cm high (, It has been said that the image of the Snake Goddess, discovered by, Excavation of the temple repositories, from Sir Arthur Evans, The Neolithic and Early and Middle Minoan Ages (London: Macmillan, 1921), p. 465 (Universitts-Bibliothek Heidelberg). Manasa Devi is the goddess of snakes who is worshipped in Bengal, Jharkhand and the northeastern parts of India. Here, you will notice that snakes can be viewed as protectors attributed to their consumption of small vermin and as dangerous creatures thanks to their venomous bite. The deshret was commonly worn by rulers during the period, so Wadjet wearing the crown goes on to further suggest her guardianship over the lands sovereigns. This made her a largely local snake goddess for most of ancient Egyptian history. It is possible that the worship of the Minoan Snake Goddess was in some context the rebirth, resurrection, or renewal of life. [11][12][13], In the Sumerian culture snakes were also very important as a healing symbol. Likewise, the Korean snake goddess Eobshin was portrayed as a black snake that had human ears. World Register of Marine Species. In rare instances, Eopsin is also known to take the form of a human, although the circumstances around this manifestation are specific and few and far between. [6], In a late version of the Medusa myth, by the Roman poet Ovid (Metamorphoses 4.794803), Medusa was originally a beautiful maiden, but when Neptune/Poseidon had sex with her in Minerva/Athena's temple,[7] Minerva punished Medusa by transforming her beautiful hair into horrible snakes. The coiled snake headdress is worn by Ix Chel in her moon goddess aspect, associated with women's menstrual cycles and resultant fertility. "[12] In the Odyssey xi, Homer does not specifically mention the Gorgon Medusa: Lest for my daring Persephone the dread, In one interview after another we were told that Medusa is 'the most horrific woman in the world' [though] none of the women we interviewed could remember the details of the myth. In ancient Aztec mythology, Quetzalcoatl was the son of the fertility earth goddess, Cihuacoatl, and cloud serpent and hunting god, Maxicoat. Also, he cannot be having a great time when his siblings include the demon wolf Fenrir and the Norse goddess of death, Hel. Beth Seelig chooses to interpret Medusa's punishment as resulting from rape rather than the common interpretation of having willingly consented in Athena's temple, as an outcome of the goddess' unresolved conflicts with her own father Zeus. In East Asia snake-dragons watched over good harvests, rain, fertility and the cycle of the seasons, whilst in ancient Greece and India, snakes were considered to be lucky and snake-amulets were used as talismans against evil. Snakes were also commonly associated with water especially myths about the primordial ocean being formed of a huge coiled snake as in Ahi/Vritra in early Indian myth and Jormungand in Nordic myth. Mason-Dixon Line During the reign of the Aztecs (1100-1521 CE), Quetzalcoatl was worshipped as a patron of priests the through line between the gods and humanity and the guardian of various craftsmen. Evans found the sculpture of the Snake Goddess in a secondary exploration of the complex he called a palace at Knossos. She made humans one at a time with clay. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The rape of Medusa in the temple of Athena: aspects of triangulation in the girl. A Graceful Goddess Snake deities can either be nice or nasty. Available from, Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). She was usually represented as a winged female creature having a head of hair consisting of snakes; unlike the Gorgons, she was sometimes represented as very beautiful. However, the indisputable root of life that the Rainbow Snake provided was water, regardless of story. The two unslain sisters are mere appendages due to custom; the real Gorgon is Medusa. Zahhak - an evil serpent creature, originating in Persian mythology and folklore. He believes that one reason for her longevity may be her role as a protector, fearsome and enraged. The joining method, style, and material make the . Another example is the coat of arms of Dohalice village in the Czech Republic. The goddess wears a tall headdress with a snake wound around it. There are three different ways you can cite this article. "[25][incomplete short citation], In issue three, Fall 1986 for the magazine Woman of Power an article called Gorgons: A Face for Contemporary Women's Rage, appeared, written by Emily Erwin Culpepper, who wrote that "The Amazon Gorgon face is female fury personified. He shuns facts from his infancy. A story of victim blaming, one that she says sounds all too familiar in a current American context. And, if that wasnt frightening enough, Renenutet also had the capability of stilling the hearts of men with a single glance. The inclusion of Medusa in the center implies the protection of the goddess Athena, who wore the Gorgon's likeness on her aegis, as said above. I mean, what is a dragon but a very large snake? 3. Who is the goddess with snakes on her head? Zilant - mythical creature between a dragon and a wyvern, originating in Kazan. Traditionally, she is seen as a wide variety of creatures besides a snake, like toads and weasels. Such a sacrilege attracted the goddess' wrath, and she punished Medusa by turning her hair to snakes. Hymns and offerings were made to it since it was believed that the Goddess could manifest through the snake. "And she's not deadly. Then Perseus gave the Gorgon's head to Athena, who placed it on her shield, the Aegis.[14]. Elizabeth Johnston's November 2016 Atlantic essay called Medusa the original 'Nasty Woman.' snakes symbolized the umbilical cord, joining all humans to Mother Earth. Snakes taken from stories of mythology are expressed throughout the use of language. [22] The horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) appears in Kassite and Neo-Assyrian kudurrus[22] and is invoked in Assyrian texts as a magical protective entity. A repeating theme present in Greek mythology is the view of serpents being divine messengers: Symbols of life and death. Aapep would try to engulf the ship and the sky was drenched red at dawn and dusk with its blood as the Sun defeated it.[18]. During the dance, live snakes were handled and at the end of the dance the snakes were released into the fields to guarantee good crops. Generally described to be handsome creatures, Nagas are associated with bodies of water and safeguarding treasure. For this reason, it is taboo in Serer culture to kill snakes. [26], Elana Dykewomon's 1976 collection of lesbian stories and poems, They Will Know Me by My Teeth, features a drawing of a Gorgon on its cover. Posted 3 years ago. The Medusa story has also been interpreted in contemporary art as a classic case of rape-victim blaming, by the goddess Athena. You would guess that for a goddess whose name means She Who Loves Silence, troublemakers would figure out to mind their own business! As it turns out, snakes were oftentimes viewed as guardians of a variety of treasure! Once on land, Jormungandr proceeds to spray venom into the surrounding water and air. Delighted, she made another figure, and another and another, and each came to life in the same way. [23] Details vary among tribes, with many of the stories associating the mystical figure with water, rain, lightning and thunder. In India, snake worship has a longstanding tradition, as "nagas" are ranked high in Hindu mythology. [23] Details vary among tribes, with many of the stories associating the mystical figure with water, rain, lightning and thunder. These three vicious female monsters are known as Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa. Jack London uses Medusa in this way in his novel The Mutiny of the Elsinore:[35], I cannot help remembering a remark of De Casseres. Gorgon Medusa. Certainly, Evans was interested in finding a goddess at Knossos. Early depictions at Tetihucan usually show two snake gods: one looking inward to the city (Quetzalcoatl) and the other looking outward. doi: 10.1516/00207570260172975. Angitia (the Latin name of the Oscan Anagtia), is an Oscan healing and snake Goddess who was especially revered by the Marsi, a warlike tribe of people who lived to the east of Rome in the Apennine Mountains (sometimes called after them the Marsian Hills) and who spoke a Sabellan dialect. Totally different ritual objects of the Snake Goddesses came from sanctuaries of the Post-Palace period (1400-1100 BCE). Johnston goes on to say that as Medusa has been repeatedly compared to Hillary Clinton during the 2016 presidential election, she proves her merit as an icon, finding relevance even in modern politics. More or less, the fact there are no more snakes in Ireland, and snakes are Corras primary manifestation, suggests that pagan religion and reverence for the goddess toppled under Christianity. Similarly, Lord Vishnu, another important deity in Hinduism, is depicted with a thousand-headed serpent called . She was the protector deity of the city of Dep and also believed to be the protector of kings and of women in childbirth. This interpretation of Wadjet can likely be tied in with her relation to Egypts pharaohs, and relate either to her unwavering ward, or the pharaohs role to protect and lead the realm. A great degree of respect is afforded to snakes in Serer culture, as they are the very embodiment and symbol of their saints and ancestral spirits. To cite this article in an academic-style article or paper, use: Cierra Tolentino, "Snake Gods and Goddesses: 19 Serpent Deities from Around the World", History Cooperative, January 16, 2022, https://historycooperative.org/snake-gods-and-goddesses/. Right? The Hopi people of North America viewed snakes as symbols of healing, transformation, and fertility. Two famous faence Snake Goddesses from Knossos belong to the New-Palace period (about 1600 BCE). Her hands are pierced to hold snakes. This work at the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion. [1] Although not entirely a snake, the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl, in Mesoamerican culture, particularly Mayan and Aztec, held a multitude of roles as a deity. "Only the Gorgon has the savage, threatening appearance to serve as an immediately recognized symbol of rage and a protector of women's secrets," wrote Wilk. They are made of cheaper material, terra-cotta, and show her with raised hands, extremely stylized in accordance with the manners of this period. The crown and cat have no parallel in any image of a Bronze Age woman, so these should be discounted. The circle was particularly important to Dahomeyan myth where the snake-god Danh circled the world like a belt, corseting it and preventing it from flying apart in splinters. Foremost a snake god worshipped during funerary rites, Nehebkau eventually became Ras successor as King of the Sky. In Hindu mythology, Nagas are divine beings that are half-serpent, and can assume the form of a human or of a snake. The Secret of the Snake Goddess: Directed by Christian Bauer, Nikos Dagiadas. [27][incomplete short citation], Even in contemporary pop culture, Medusa has become largely synonymous with feminine rage. Athena was often pictured with snakes along the edges of her clothing. Perseus then flew to Seriphos, where his mother was being forced into marriage with the king, Polydectes, who was turned into stone by the head. It is believed that Nagaraja left his earthly life and took Samadhi but still resides in a chamber of the temple. Since Medusa was the only one of the three Gorgons who was mortal, Perseus was able to slay her while looking at the reflection from the mirrored shield he received from Athena. Medusa is widely known as a monstrous creature with snakes in her hair whose gaze turns men to stone. As far as looks go, she is described as having an ever-flared hood, as if poised to attack any moment. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Medusa was the only Gorgon who was mortal; hence her slayer, Perseus, was able to kill her by cutting off her head. Most covered nothing but earth, but just south of the Throne Room, he discovered two stone-lined pits containing a wide variety of precious things, mostly broken: scraps of gold, ivory. No, the job of the Midgard Serpent does not sound like fun at all. [2] He was viewed as a twin entity which embodied that of god and man and equally man and serpent, yet was closely associated with fertility. Man, awake, is compelled to seek a perpetual escape into Hope, Belief, Fable, Art, God, Socialism, Immortality, Alcohol, Love. It is the Lie that makes him free. He is almost always portrayed as a serpent or dragon depending on the particular myth. . The complete right arm held a short wavy striped stick, which Evans interpreted as a snake. Lastly, Wadjet is said to be one of the many goddesses that composed the Eye of Ra: A group that included Hathor, Sekhmet, Bastet, Raet, and Mut. The first who identified this Minoan Goddess and who described her domestic and chthonic role and her cult, was A. Evans. Punishment of those who wronged her and insulted those buried within the Necropolis would include blindness and deadly snakebites. The serpent plays an active role in Dogon religion and cosmogony. Direct link to KaLynne's post Why was he so insistent o, Posted 4 years ago. "[25][incomplete short citation] Griselda Pollock analyses the passage from horrorism to compassion in the figure of the Medusa through Adriana Cavarero's philosophy and Bracha Ettinger's art and Matrixial theory. Accessed April 18, 2023. Snakes were associated with wisdom in many mythologies, perhaps due to the appearance of pondering their actions as they prepare to strike, which was copied by medicine men in the build-up to prophecy in parts of West Africa. Of unknown origin is the Snake Goddess made from ivory and gold (presently in Boston, and possibly a forgery) and a small bronze goddess with coil of snakes (in Berlin). After all that happened to her, one could only hope the Medusas serpents were a chance at a second start for the former priestess. Their symbol, a snake, is often mixed with the other sacred signs consecrating horns or birds. [33][34] In this interpretation of Medusa, attempts to avoid looking into her eyes represent avoiding the ostensibly depressing reality that the universe is meaningless. The cover featured the image of the Gorgon Medusa by Froggi Lupton, which the editors on the inside cover explained "can be a map to guide us through our terrors, through the depths of our anger into the sources of our power as women. The gods were well aware of this, and Perseus received help. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Notably when dealing with Greek monsters, serpents figured prominently as signs of immortality well get to more of that below as we check-in on the fearsome gorgons and the gargantuan Hydra. This would fit perfectly with his overall theme, since his name literally translates to Lord of the Good Tree.. The symbol and spirit of the Minoan Snake Goddess took in Greek mythology many different aspects. Those who gazed into her eyes would turn to stone. Less well-remembered was the goddess's association with snakes. Despite being viewed as independent and known to act on her own will, worshippers still try to appease the guardian with offerings. There are no recorded instances of Medusa turning a woman to stone. Where they roamed, other animals awoke. Animals alone are given the privilege of lifting the veil of Isis; men dare not. Believed to be connected to agriculture and the underworld, his symbol is a twisting serpent figure, that reflects the winding roots of a tree. Free delivery for many products! It is said that he was the guardian angel of Esau and a patron of the Roman empire. She is the daughter of Annar and Ntt, two giants ( Jtunns) who were married to each other. This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Medusa-Greek-mythology, Ancient Origins - The Real Story of Medusa: Protective Powers from a Snake-Haired Gorgon, The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Medusa in Ancient Greek Art, Medusa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Direct link to David Alexander's post Are there other examples , Posted a year ago. Which Evans interpreted as a black snake that had human ears culture, Medusa has largely. Egyptian cobra goddess on our list is known to act on her,! Her longevity may be some discrepancies our list is known to act on her shield, the of... Alexander 's post Why was he so insistent o, Posted a year ago interpreted in contemporary culture... ], Even in contemporary art as a coiled snake Lord of the Minoan snake took... Use of language Johnston 's November 2016 Atlantic essay called Medusa the original 'Nasty woman. three different ways can. 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